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Di negeri Wakanda, langit selalu tampak terlalu bersih untuk dipercaya. Menara-menara menjulang seperti doa yang berhasil dikabulkan, kereta melesat tanpa suara, dan anak-anak tumbuh dengan keyakinan bahwa masa depan adalah sesuatu yang pasti. Dari kejauhan, negeri itu tampak seperti jawaban dari segala penderitaan dunia. Namun manusia tetap manusia, bahkan ketika hidup di atas tanah vibranium. Di sudut-sudut kota yang tidak masuk brosur wisata, ada buruh yang pulang larut malam dengan mata kosong. Ada ibu yang menghitung harga beras sambil menunda membeli obat. Ada pemuda yang terlalu pintar untuk menganggur, tetapi terlalu miskin untuk bermimpi lebih jauh. Kemajuan teknologi tidak selalu mampu menghapus rasa sepi, rasa kalah, atau rasa takut menjadi orang biasa di negeri yang menuntut semua orang tampak luar biasa. Wakanda mungkin memiliki mesin tercanggih di bumi, tetapi ia belum menemukan cara mematikan kecemasan manusia. Dan semakin lama memandang negeri-negeri lain di dunia, Wakanda mulai sadar bahwa kesengsaraan tidak selalu berbentuk perang atau kelaparan. Kadang ia hadir sebagai gaji yang tidak cukup, rumah yang makin sempit, pendidikan yang mahal, atau pekerjaan yang perlahan menggerus martabat. Kadang penderitaan datang dalam bentuk antrean panjang, suara sirene ambulans, dan berita tentang anak-anak yang tumbuh tanpa pernah merasa aman. Di banyak negeri yang jauh dari istana emas Wakanda, orang-orang bangun pagi bukan karena penuh harapan, tetapi karena takut tertinggal satu hari lagi dari hidup yang sudah terlalu berat. Ada kota-kota tempat hujan berarti banjir, sakit berarti utang, dan pendidikan berarti perjudian nasib keluarga. Ada generasi yang dibesarkan oleh kalimat: “bertahan dulu saja.” Dan anehnya, kalimat itu terdengar universal. Wakanda kemudian belajar bahwa penderitaan manusia tidak selalu bisa diukur dari kekayaan negara. Sebab beberapa negeri miskin masih memiliki tawa di meja makan sederhana, sementara beberapa negeri kaya dipenuhi manusia yang kehilangan arah hidup di tengah gedung-gedung tinggi. Mungkin itulah kutukan terbesar peradaban modern: manusia semakin mampu menciptakan teknologi untuk menaklukkan dunia, tetapi semakin kesulitan memahami sesama manusia. Malam hari di Wakanda tetap indah. Lampu kota memantul di sungai seperti bintang jatuh yang tidak pernah menyentuh tanah. Tetapi di balik jendela apartemen, di dalam kendaraan umum, di ruang kerja yang dingin, tetap ada orang-orang yang diam-diam lelah menjalani hidup. Dan pada akhirnya, bahkan negeri paling maju sekalipun tetap tidak bisa sepenuhnya menyelamatkan manusia dari rasa hancur menjadi manusia itu sendiri.

Di negeri Wakanda, langit selalu tampak terlalu bersih untuk dipercaya. Menara-menara menjulang seperti doa yang berhasil dikabulkan, kereta melesat tanpa suara, dan anak-anak tumbuh dengan keyakinan bahwa masa depan adalah sesuatu yang pasti. Dari kejauhan, negeri itu tampak seperti jawaban dari segala penderitaan dunia. Namun manusia tetap manusia, bahkan ketika hidup di atas tanah vibranium. Di sudut-sudut kota yang tidak masuk brosur wisata, ada buruh yang pulang larut malam dengan mata kosong. Ada ibu yang menghitung harga beras sambil menunda membeli obat. Ada pemuda yang terlalu pintar untuk menganggur, tetapi terlalu miskin untuk bermimpi lebih jauh. Kemajuan teknologi tidak selalu mampu menghapus rasa sepi, rasa kalah, atau rasa takut menjadi orang biasa di negeri yang menuntut semua orang tampak luar biasa. Wakanda mungkin memiliki mesin tercanggih di bumi, tetapi ia belum menemukan cara mematikan kecemasan manusia. Dan semakin lama memandang negeri-negeri lain di dunia, Wakanda mulai sadar bahwa kesengsaraan tidak selalu berbentuk perang atau kelaparan. Kadang ia hadir sebagai gaji yang tidak cukup, rumah yang makin sempit, pendidikan yang mahal, atau pekerjaan yang perlahan menggerus martabat. Kadang penderitaan datang dalam bentuk antrean panjang, suara sirene ambulans, dan berita tentang anak-anak yang tumbuh tanpa pernah merasa aman. Di banyak negeri yang jauh dari istana emas Wakanda, orang-orang bangun pagi bukan karena penuh harapan, tetapi karena takut tertinggal satu hari lagi dari hidup yang sudah terlalu berat. Ada kota-kota tempat hujan berarti banjir, sakit berarti utang, dan pendidikan berarti perjudian nasib keluarga. Ada generasi yang dibesarkan oleh kalimat: “bertahan dulu saja.” Dan anehnya, kalimat itu terdengar universal. Wakanda kemudian belajar bahwa penderitaan manusia tidak selalu bisa diukur dari kekayaan negara. Sebab beberapa negeri miskin masih memiliki tawa di meja makan sederhana, sementara beberapa negeri kaya dipenuhi manusia yang kehilangan arah hidup di tengah gedung-gedung tinggi. Mungkin itulah kutukan terbesar peradaban modern: manusia semakin mampu menciptakan teknologi untuk menaklukkan dunia, tetapi semakin kesulitan memahami sesama manusia. Malam hari di Wakanda tetap indah. Lampu kota memantul di sungai seperti bintang jatuh yang tidak pernah menyentuh tanah. Tetapi di balik jendela apartemen, di dalam kendaraan umum, di ruang kerja yang dingin, tetap ada orang-orang yang diam-diam lelah menjalani hidup. Dan pada akhirnya, bahkan negeri paling maju sekalipun tetap tidak bisa sepenuhnya menyelamatkan manusia dari rasa hancur menjadi manusia itu sendiri.

Di negeri Wakanda, langit selalu tampak terlalu bersih untuk dipercaya. Menara-menara menjulang seperti doa yang berhasil dikabulkan, kereta melesat tanpa suara, dan anak-anak tumbuh dengan keyakinan bahwa masa depan adalah sesuatu yang pasti. Dari kejauhan, negeri itu tampak seperti jawaban dari segala penderitaan dunia. Namun manusia tetap manusia, bahkan ketika hidup di atas tanah vibranium. Di sudut-sudut kota yang tidak masuk brosur wisata, ada buruh yang pulang larut malam dengan mata kosong. Ada ibu yang menghitung harga beras sambil menunda membeli obat. Ada pemuda yang terlalu pintar untuk menganggur, tetapi terlalu miskin untuk bermimpi lebih jauh. Kemajuan teknologi tidak selalu mampu menghapus rasa sepi, rasa kalah, atau rasa takut menjadi orang biasa di negeri yang menuntut semua orang tampak luar biasa. Wakanda mungkin memiliki mesin tercanggih di bumi, tetapi ia belum menemukan cara mematikan kecemasan manusia. Dan semakin lama memandang negeri-negeri lain di dunia, Wakanda mulai sadar bahwa kesengsaraan tidak selalu berbentuk perang atau kelaparan. Kadang ia hadir sebagai gaji yang tidak cukup, rumah yang makin sempit, pendidikan yang mahal, atau pekerjaan yang perlahan menggerus martabat. Kadang penderitaan datang dalam bentuk antrean panjang, suara sirene ambulans, dan berita tentang anak-anak yang tumbuh tanpa pernah merasa aman. Di banyak negeri yang jauh dari istana emas Wakanda, orang-orang bangun pagi bukan karena penuh harapan, tetapi karena takut tertinggal satu hari lagi dari hidup yang sudah terlalu berat. Ada kota-kota tempat hujan berarti banjir, sakit berarti utang, dan pendidikan berarti perjudian nasib keluarga. Ada generasi yang dibesarkan oleh kalimat: “bertahan dulu saja.” Dan anehnya, kalimat itu terdengar universal. Wakanda kemudian belajar bahwa penderitaan manusia tidak selalu bisa diukur dari kekayaan negara. Sebab beberapa negeri miskin masih memiliki tawa di meja makan sederhana, sementara beberapa negeri kaya dipenuhi manusia yang kehilangan arah hidup di tengah gedung-gedung tinggi. Mungkin itulah kutukan terbesar peradaban modern: manusia semakin mampu menciptakan teknologi untuk menaklukkan dunia, tetapi semakin kesulitan memahami sesama manusia. Malam hari di Wakanda tetap indah. Lampu kota memantul di sungai seperti bintang jatuh yang tidak pernah menyentuh tanah. Tetapi di balik jendela apartemen, di dalam kendaraan umum, di ruang kerja yang dingin, tetap ada orang-orang yang diam-diam lelah menjalani hidup. Dan pada akhirnya, bahkan negeri paling maju sekalipun tetap tidak bisa sepenuhnya menyelamatkan manusia dari rasa hancur menjadi manusia itu sendiri.

Ini adalah artikel yang membahas tentang ketidakadilan sosial selama pemerintahan Prabowo Subianto. Dalam berbagai kebijakan yang diterapkan, muncul kritik bahwa sebagian program belum sepenuhnya menyentuh kebutuhan masyarakat luas, khususnya kelompok rentan. Ketimpangan akses terhadap layanan publik seperti pendidikan, kesehatan, dan bantuan sosial masih menjadi persoalan yang dirasakan di berbagai daerah. Salah satu sorotan utama adalah terkait efisiensi penggunaan anggaran negara. Banyak program yang dinilai tidak berjalan optimal, baik dari segi perencanaan maupun implementasi. Anggaran yang seharusnya dialokasikan untuk sektor prioritas seperti pengentasan kemiskinan dan peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia justru tersebar ke berbagai proyek yang dampaknya kurang signifikan bagi masyarakat. Selain itu, distribusi bantuan sosial juga kerap dipersoalkan. Tidak sedikit laporan yang menunjukkan adanya ketidaktepatan sasaran, di mana bantuan tidak sepenuhnya diterima oleh mereka yang benar-benar membutuhkan. Hal ini memperparah ketimpangan sosial, karena kelompok yang seharusnya mendapat prioritas justru tertinggal. Di sisi lain, kebijakan ekonomi yang diambil juga dianggap belum mampu mengurangi kesenjangan secara signifikan. Pertumbuhan ekonomi yang terjadi belum merata, dan masih terkonsentrasi di wilayah tertentu saja. Akibatnya, masyarakat di daerah terpencil atau tertinggal belum merasakan manfaat pembangunan secara maksimal. Dengan berbagai tantangan tersebut, diperlukan evaluasi menyeluruh terhadap kebijakan dan program yang ada. Pemerintah perlu memastikan bahwa setiap anggaran yang dikeluarkan benar-benar tepat sasaran dan memberikan dampak nyata bagi masyarakat. Transparansi, akuntabilitas, serta partisipasi publik menjadi kunci penting untuk menciptakan keadilan sosial yang lebih merata di masa mendatang.

adalah artikel yang membahas tentang ketidakadilan sosial selama pemerintahan Prabowo Subianto. Dalam berbagai kebijakan yang diterapkan, muncul kritik bahwa sebagian program belum sepenuhnya menyentuh kebutuhan masyarakat luas, khususnya kelompok rentan. Ketimpangan akses terhadap layanan publik seperti pendidikan, kesehatan, dan bantuan sosial masih menjadi persoalan yang dirasakan di berbagai daerah. hai hai hai Salah satu sorotan utama adalah terkait efisiensi penggunaan anggaran negara. Banyak program yang dinilai tidak berjalan optimal, baik dari segi perencanaan maupun implementasi. Anggaran yang seharusnya dialokasikan untuk sektor prioritas seperti pengentasan kemiskinan dan peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia justru tersebar ke berbagai proyek yang dampaknya kurang signifikan bagi masyarakat. Selain itu, distribusi bantuan sosial juga kerap dipersoalkan. Tidak sedikit laporan yang menunjukkan adanya ketidaktepatan sasaran, di mana bantuan tidak sepenuhnya diterima oleh mereka yang benar-benar membutuhkan. Hal ini memperparah ketimpangan sosial, karena kelompok yang seharusnya mendapat prioritas justru tertinggal. ha 2 ha 3 Di sisi lain, kebijakan ekonomi yang diambil juga dianggap belum mampu mengurangi kesenjangan secara signifikan. Pertumbuhan ekonomi yang terjadi belum merata, dan masih terkonsentrasi di wilayah tertentu saja. Akibatnya, masyarakat di daerah terpencil atau tertinggal belum merasakan manfaat pembangunan secara maksimal. Dengan berbagai tantangan tersebut, diperlukan evaluasi menyeluruh terhadap kebijakan dan program yang ada. Pemerintah perlu memastikan bahwa setiap anggaran yang dikeluarkan benar-benar tepat sasaran dan memberikan dampak nyata bagi masyarakat. Transparansi, akuntabilitas, serta partisipasi publik menjadi kunci penting untuk menciptakan keadilan sosial yang lebih merata di masa mendatang.

Di negeri Wakanda, langit selalu tampak terlalu bersih untuk dipercaya. Menara-menara menjulang seperti doa yang berhasil dikabulkan, kereta melesat tanpa suara, dan anak-anak tumbuh dengan keyakinan bahwa masa depan adalah sesuatu yang pasti. Dari kejauhan, negeri itu tampak seperti jawaban dari segala penderitaan dunia. Namun manusia tetap manusia, bahkan ketika hidup di atas tanah vibranium. Di sudut-sudut kota yang tidak masuk brosur wisata, ada buruh yang pulang larut malam dengan mata kosong. Ada ibu yang menghitung harga beras sambil menunda membeli obat. Ada pemuda yang terlalu pintar untuk menganggur, tetapi terlalu miskin untuk bermimpi lebih jauh. Kemajuan teknologi tidak selalu mampu menghapus rasa sepi, rasa kalah, atau rasa takut menjadi orang biasa di negeri yang menuntut semua orang tampak luar biasa. Wakanda mungkin memiliki mesin tercanggih di bumi, tetapi ia belum menemukan cara mematikan kecemasan manusia. Dan semakin lama memandang negeri-negeri lain di dunia, Wakanda mulai sadar bahwa kesengsaraan tidak selalu berbentuk perang atau kelaparan. Kadang ia hadir sebagai gaji yang tidak cukup, rumah yang makin sempit, pendidikan yang mahal, atau pekerjaan yang perlahan menggerus martabat. Kadang penderitaan datang dalam bentuk antrean panjang, suara sirene ambulans, dan berita tentang anak-anak yang tumbuh tanpa pernah merasa aman. Di banyak negeri yang jauh dari istana emas Wakanda, orang-orang bangun pagi bukan karena penuh harapan, tetapi karena takut tertinggal satu hari lagi dari hidup yang sudah terlalu berat. Ada kota-kota tempat hujan berarti banjir, sakit berarti utang, dan pendidikan berarti perjudian nasib keluarga. Ada generasi yang dibesarkan oleh kalimat: “bertahan dulu saja.” Dan anehnya, kalimat itu terdengar universal. Wakanda kemudian belajar bahwa penderitaan manusia tidak selalu bisa diukur dari kekayaan negara. Sebab beberapa negeri miskin masih memiliki tawa di meja makan sederhana, sementara beberapa negeri kaya dipenuhi manusia yang kehilangan arah hidup di tengah gedung-gedung tinggi. Mungkin itulah kutukan terbesar peradaban modern: manusia semakin mampu menciptakan teknologi untuk menaklukkan dunia, tetapi semakin kesulitan memahami sesama manusia. Malam hari di Wakanda tetap indah. Lampu kota memantul di sungai seperti bintang jatuh yang tidak pernah menyentuh tanah. Tetapi di balik jendela apartemen, di dalam kendaraan umum, di ruang kerja yang dingin, tetap ada orang-orang yang diam-diam lelah menjalani hidup. Dan pada akhirnya, bahkan negeri paling maju sekalipun tetap tidak bisa sepenuhnya menyelamatkan manusia dari rasa hancur menjadi manusia itu sendiri.

Ini adalah artikel yang membahas tentang ketidakadilan sosial selama pemerintahan Prabowo Subianto. Dalam berbagai kebijakan yang diterapkan, muncul kritik bahwa sebagian program belum sepenuhnya menyentuh kebutuhan masyarakat luas, khususnya kelompok rentan. Ketimpangan akses terhadap layanan publik seperti pendidikan, kesehatan, dan bantuan sosial masih menjadi persoalan yang dirasakan di berbagai daerah. Salah satu sorotan utama adalah terkait efisiensi penggunaan anggaran negara. Banyak program yang dinilai tidak berjalan optimal, baik dari segi perencanaan maupun implementasi. Anggaran yang seharusnya dialokasikan untuk sektor prioritas seperti pengentasan kemiskinan dan peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia justru tersebar ke berbagai proyek yang dampaknya kurang signifikan bagi masyarakat. Selain itu, distribusi bantuan sosial juga kerap dipersoalkan. Tidak sedikit laporan yang menunjukkan adanya ketidaktepatan sasaran, di mana bantuan tidak sepenuhnya diterima oleh mereka yang benar-benar membutuhkan. Hal ini memperparah ketimpangan sosial, karena kelompok yang seharusnya mendapat prioritas justru tertinggal. Di sisi lain, kebijakan ekonomi yang diambil juga dianggap belum mampu mengurangi kesenjangan secara signifikan. Pertumbuhan ekonomi yang terjadi belum merata, dan masih terkonsentrasi di wilayah tertentu saja. Akibatnya, masyarakat di daerah terpencil atau tertinggal belum merasakan manfaat pembangunan secara maksimal. Dengan berbagai tantangan tersebut, diperlukan evaluasi menyeluruh terhadap kebijakan dan program yang ada. Pemerintah perlu memastikan bahwa setiap anggaran yang dikeluarkan benar-benar tepat sasaran dan memberikan dampak nyata bagi masyarakat. Transparansi, akuntabilitas, serta partisipasi publik menjadi kunci penting untuk menciptakan keadilan sosial yang lebih merata di masa mendatang.

When you think about the technologies that shape the world — from artificial intelligence and robotics to power systems and biomedical devices — there’s a good chance IEEE played a part in developing them. But what makes IEEE such a powerhouse in global innovation? One answer lies in its technical Societies — the specialized communities that fuel collaboration, research, and advancement across virtually every corner of engineering and technology. What Are IEEE Societies? The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a global professional organization connecting over 400,000 professionals, researchers, and students across engineering, computer science, and related disciplines. Inside this vast network are 39 technical Societies — each a focused hub for people with shared technical interests. Whether you’re passionate about robotics, renewable energy, signal processing, or cybersecurity, there’s a Society tailored for you. These Societies organize global conferences, publish cutting-edge research, provide technical standards, and offer rich networking and learning opportunities. But it doesn’t stop there — IEEE further groups these Societies into 10 broader Divisions, each aligning related fields for more integrated innovation. This structure promotes both deep specialization and interdisciplinary collaboration. A Brief History: How Societies Came to Be IEEE was born in 1963 from the merger of two major organizations: the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) and the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE). While AIEE had a more centralized committee structure, IRE’s decentralized Professional Groups — which allowed for agile and focused activity — eventually shaped what we now know as IEEE Societies. By 1970, these groups had fully transformed into Societies, serving as the backbone of IEEE’s technical engine. Today, they continue to evolve and expand as new fields emerge. A Glimpse at IEEE’s Technical Society Landscape Here’s a look at some of the diverse areas covered by IEEE Societies, grouped into broader technical categories: Computing, AI & Cybernetics Computer Society (CS) Computational Intelligence Society (CIS) Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society (SMC) Control Systems Society (CSS) Technology and Engineering Management Society (TEMS) Professional Communication Society (PCS) Communications, Signal & Wireless Communications Society (ComSoc) Signal Processing Society (SPS) Information Theory Society (ITS) Antennas & Propagation Society (AP-S) Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (MTT-S) Power, Energy & Industrial Systems Power & Energy Society (PES) Power Electronics Society (PELS) Industrial Electronics Society (IES) Industry Applications Society (IAS) Robotics & Automation Robotics and Automation Society (RAS) Instrumentation & Measurement Society (IMS) Vehicular Technology Society (VTS) Human-Oriented and Societal Impact Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS) Society on Social Implications of Technology (SSIT) Product Safety Engineering Society (PSES) And dozens more, covering everything from biomedical engineering to aerospace systems. More Than Societies: IEEE’s Broader Ecosystem IEEE Societies don’t just exist in silos — they power a global infrastructure for learning, innovation, and community impact: 🧠 IEEE Xplore Digital Library Millions of peer-reviewed papers and conference proceedings available at your fingertips. It’s a core resource for students, academics, and professionals alike. 🤖 Conferences IEEE ICRA (Robotics and Automation): A top-tier international robotics conference. IEEE CRVP (Robotics and Vision in Practice): A regional bridge between theory and real-world applications. 🎓 Education and Scholarships TryEngineering: Inspiring future engineers with free STEM resources for pre-university students. IEEE PES Scholarship Plus: Financial and professional support for undergrads in power engineering. 🏆 Awards and Recognition From Best Paper Awards to prestigious medals and graduate scholarships, Societies celebrate excellence and support emerging talent in every field. 💻 eLearning & Continuing Education The IEEE eLearning Library offers interactive, on-demand content in topics like AI, renewable energy, and cybersecurity — great for students and lifelong learners. Innovation for Impact: Featured Programs IEEE Societies don’t just publish papers — they drive real-world change. 🔋 PES Smart Grid Innovation: Advancing smart grid tech to integrate renewables and improve energy resilience. 📊 Energy Monitoring: Supporting smart metering and efficient energy management. 🤖 AI for Good: Leveraging AI to tackle global issues from disaster response to climate change. 🧬 IEEE EMBS: The world’s largest biomedical engineering community, leading breakthroughs in healthtech and bioinstrumentation. What About Students? Students are a vital part of IEEE — and Societies are at the heart of that experience. 🎓 IEEE Student Branch Chapters allow students to form campus-based communities tied to specific Societies (e.g., RAS, IAS, CS). These chapters run workshops, hackathons, industrial visits, and more. 🛠️ Student Competitions like IEEEXtreme, SoutheastCon, and Ethics Challenges offer hands-on experience and global exposure in coding, hardware, or engineering ethics. Why It Matters IEEE’s unique structure — technical Societies grouped into Divisions, powered by communities, and backed by world-class resources — creates a powerful engine for innovation. Whether you’re aiming to publish your first paper, attend a world-class conference, or build the next breakthrough in robotics, IEEE provides the platform and the people to help you make it happen. If you’re passionate about technology and want to be part of a global movement shaping the future — start by finding your IEEE Society.

Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 is one of the 18 SDGs established by the United Nations that aims to ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. SDG 6 not only addresses the issues relating to drinking water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), but also the quality and sustainability of water resources worldwide. Improvements in drinking water, sanitation and hygiene are essential for progress in other areas of development too, such as nutrition, education, health and gender equality [1]. SDG 6 is important as access to clean water is essential for daily life and public health. The scarcity of clean water has historically been linked to numerous human tragedies, including the spread of diseases, outbreaks of plagues, and even the eruption of conflicts and wars. This crisis continues to escalate as more people are unable to access safe drinking water each day. According to a 2023 report by the United Nations, approximately 2.2 billion people lack access to safely managed drinking water services [2]. However, more recent studies suggest that this number may be significantly higher, with estimates indicating that nearly 4.4 billion people — over half the global population — are without access to safe drinking water [3]. The Demand of Clean Water Clean water plays a vital role in various aspects of human life. Its most obvious use is for drinking and domestic purposes, as each household consumes a considerable amount of water daily. Beyond domestic use, clean water is essential for agriculture, where it serves as a critical input for both irrigation and livestock. In fact, approximately 70% of the world’s freshwater supply is used for agricultural activities [4]. Furthermore, clean water is crucial in many areas of modern technology, especially for cooling and cleaning sensitive components in industries such as data centers, manufacturing, and energy production [5]. Given these demands, a question arises: Do we have enough water to sustain this growth? While the Earth is covered by about 71% water, only about 1% of it is accessible for human use, as the vast majority is locked in oceans, ice caps, or deep underground. Even more critically, only approximately 0.025% of Earth’s water is clean and readily usable for human consumption and daily needs [6]. With such a limited supply, and nearly half the global population lacking access to safe drinking water [2], it is evident that our current water resources are under severe strain. As the global population continues to grow, the demand for food — and consequently, water for agriculture — also increases. Additionally, rapid technological advancement further contributes to rising water needs, particularly for cooling systems and industrial processes. With this increasing demand for water, the world needs innovative ways to acquire more water, and one of them could be the Solar Powered Water Desalination System. Solar Powered Water Desalination System. Researchers from MIT and Shanghai Jiao Tong University have developed an innovative solar-powered device that can passively desalinate seawater into freshwater. The system mimics the ocean’s thermohaline circulation by inducing swirling eddies that facilitate the separation of salt from water. As sunlight heats the circulating seawater, it evaporates — leaving the salt behind. The resulting water vapor is then condensed and collected as clean, drinkable water, while the remaining salt continues to circulate and is eventually expelled from the system. One of the key advantages of this device is its passive operation, requiring no external power sources and minimal maintenance, with only occasional part replacements needed after a few years. When scaled to the size of a suitcase, the system is estimated to produce between 4 to 6 liters of clean water per hour [7]. This technology holds significant promise for addressing global water scarcity. With seawater comprising approximately 96.5% of the Earth’s total water, the ability to convert it into drinkable water offers a sustainable solution to regions suffering from freshwater shortages [4]. The device’s low-energy design makes it particularly valuable for coastal areas and remote communities that lack access to conventional water purification infrastructure. If widely implemented, innovations like this could play a vital role in supporting SDG 6 by expanding access to safe and affordable drinking water worldwide. Despite the promising potential of new water purification technologies, several challenges remain in achieving widespread access to clean water. Many of these innovations, such as solar desalination systems, require initial investments, manufacturing, and logistical support that may not be readily available in low-income or remote regions [8]. Infrastructural limitations, lack of technical expertise, and the absence of supportive policy frameworks can also hinder adoption. To fully realize the benefits of water-related technologies, governments, private sectors, and international organizations must collaborate to ensure funding, training, and equitable distribution — especially in the most water-stressed communities. Addressing these barriers is essential if such innovations are to play a meaningful role in advancing SDG 6. Conclusion Access to clean water is a fundamental human right and a cornerstone of sustainable development. As the global population grows and water demand intensifies, technological innovation offers a powerful means to bridge the gap between limited resources and increasing needs. From solar-powered desalination systems to advanced monitoring and purification tools, technology is not only enhancing water accessibility but also ensuring its long-term sustainability. However, innovation alone is not enough — effective implementation requires collaboration across sectors, inclusive policies, and equitable investment. By embracing and supporting technology-driven solutions, the global community can make significant strides toward achieving SDG 6 and ensuring a healthier, more resilient future for all. References [1] UNICEF, “Goal 6: Clean water and sanitation,” UNICEF Data, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://data.unicef.org/sdgs/goal-6-clean-water-sanitation/ [2] WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme, “Progress on household drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2000–2022: Special focus on inequalities,” United Nations, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.unwater.org/publications/who/unicef-joint-monitoring-program-update-report-2023 [3] DW News, “Half the world lacks access to safe drinking water,” Deutsche Welle, Mar. 22, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.dw.com/en/half-the-world-lacks-access-to-safe-drinking-water/a-70089835 [4] Cargill, “Clean Water Access,” Cargill, https://www.cargill.com/story/clean-water-access (accessed May 20, 2025). [5]Apure Instruments, “Industrial Use of Water,” Apure, https://apureinstrument.com/blogs/industrial-use-of-water/ (accessed May 20, 2025). [6] Biobox Water, “How much water is available on Earth?” Biobox Water, [Online]. Available: https://biobox-water.com/en/news/how_much_water_is_available_on_earth/ [7] MIT, “Desalination system could produce freshwater cheaper,” MIT News, Sep. 27, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://news.mit.edu/2023/desalination-system-could-produce-freshwater-cheaper-0927 [8] K. Quteishat and M. Abu-Arabi, Promotion of Solar Desalination in the MENA Region. Muscat, Oman: Middle East Desalination Research Center [2004].

When you think of student organizations that bridge the gap between technology, innovation, and professional growth, the IEEE Student Branch is often at the top of the list. But what exactly is it? And how does it differ from the main IEEE organization? Let’s dive in. So, What’s an IEEE Student Branch? An IEEE Student Branch is a university-level group that brings together students who are members of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Run by students, for students, these branches organize technical workshops, hackathons, guest lectures, competitions, and networking events — all aimed at enriching the academic and professional lives of their members. In short, if you’re a student passionate about tech, innovation, and leadership, your campus IEEE Student Branch could be your gateway to something bigger. IEEE vs IEEE Student Branch: What’s the Difference? Let’s break it down: IEEE (Main Organization) A global professional organization. Open to students, professionals, and academics. Publishes research journals, develops technical standards, and hosts international conferences. Governed by global committees and organized into regions. IEEE Student Branch A local chapter at a university, run by student volunteers. Open only to student IEEE members. Focuses on hands-on experiences: workshops, lectures, hackathons, and community events. Acts as a launchpad for leadership and skill development. Why Join the IEEE Student Branch? Joining your campus branch isn’t just about adding a line to your resume. Here’s what you really gain: 🔗 Networking Meet like-minded peers, professors, and even industry professionals. 🎯 Skill Development Learn leadership, teamwork, and communication while organizing real events. 📚 Exclusive Resources Get access to IEEE’s digital library, research journals, magazines, and webinars. 💼 Career Opportunities Internships, job fairs, mentorship programs, and resume-boosting experiences. 🏆 Scholarships & Awards Many IEEE student competitions and grants are open only to members. 🌏 Global Exposure Collaborate with other branches, or even attend global IEEE events and conferences. A Closer Look: IEEE Region 10 What Is IEEE Region 10? IEEE is divided into geographic regions to better serve its members. Region 10 is the Asia-Pacific division, overseeing more than 50 Sections, hundreds of Student Branches, and numerous Affinity Groups like Women in Engineering (WIE) and Young Professionals. Region 10 exists to make IEEE’s global mission more localized and impactful, offering culturally relevant programs and more opportunities for leadership across Asia and Oceania. Countries in Region 10 East Asia: Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, Mongolia Southeast Asia: Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines, Vietnam, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, Brunei South Asia: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal Oceania: Australia, New Zealand IEEE IPB Student Branch: A Snapshot of Impact Let’s take a look at how the IEEE IPB Student Branch (Institut Pertanian Bogor, Indonesia) is bringing innovation to life on campus: 🔧 STEM IPB 2024 As part of IEEE TryEngineering, IEEE SB IPB hosted a STEM outreach event featuring seminars on Design Thinking and Computational Thinking. 77 pre-university students from Jakarta participated. 34 IEEE volunteers helped make it happen. 🤝 EPIC 2024: IPB x UI In a collaborative event with IEEE SB Universitas Indonesia (UI), the two branches exchanged ideas through comparative studies, campus tours, and networking. This initiative built stronger relationships and helped both branches learn from each other’s best practices. 🏦 ConvIEEEx: Visit to PT Bank Raya In a company visit to PT Bank Raya Indonesia Tbk, members explored how digital technologies are used in banking. Topics included: Fintech careers Financial inclusion Digital user experience Students gained real-world insights into innovation in the financial sector. Final Thoughts IEEE Student Branches are more than just clubs — they’re communities of change-makers shaping the future of technology. Whether you want to build your skills, connect with industry, or make an impact on your campus and beyond, joining your local IEEE Student Branch is a move you won’t regret.

As part of the United Nations’ broader sustainable development agenda, Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 17 seeks to foster international collaboration and reinforce global partnerships to support the implementation of all SDGs. Given the wide-ranging scope of its 19 targets, the focus is placed on four core themes, including [1]: Exploring efforts to enhance the effectiveness of public institutions and improve government revenue systems. Ensuring policy coherence in the pursuit of sustainable development. Addresses the need to expand access to technology and innovation, particularly in less developed regions. Highlights the critical role of multi-stakeholder partnerships in advancing collective progress To successfully meet global development objectives, it is essential to develop and widely distribute technological solutions around the world. Advancing technology, fostering innovation, and generating breakthrough solutions will be key to achieving all targeted outcomes. Following the importance of developing and distributing technological solutions globally, effective collaboration between public and private sectors becomes crucial. These partnerships play a key role in accelerating the creation, expansion, and transfer of sustainable technologies that support economic growth and social impact [2]. Challenges in Achieving SDG 17 Despite the global commitment to development goals, one of the most pressing challenges remains the significant disparity in income and wealth distribution. According to OECD data from 2015, the poorest 66 percent of the world’s population received only 13 percent of global income, while the wealthiest one percent controlled nearly 15 percent. Furthermore, approximately 50 percent of global wealth is concentrated in the hands of only one percent of the population [3]. This deep economic divide limits the capacity of less affluent nations and communities to engage actively in global partnerships due to a lack of institutional, technological, or financial resources. Additionally, financial commitments made to support international development have often fallen short of agreed targets. Despite the United Nations setting a goal of allocating 0.7 percent of Gross National Income for Official Development Assistance in 1970, by 2019 only six countries had met or exceeded this benchmark. These countries are Turkey at 1.15 percent, Luxembourg at 1.05 percent, Norway at 1.02 percent, Sweden at 0.99 percent, Denmark at 0.71 percent, and United Kingdom at 0.70 percent [4]. This persistent funding gap further exacerbates disparities in resource distribution and hampers the ability of many countries to implement sustainable development projects. By offering flexible and scalable access to digital platforms and tools, modern technological solutions help to reduce the barriers that hinder active participation in international cooperation. One of the most prominent examples of this is cloud computing, which has emerged as a key enabler of more inclusive and efficient global collaboration. What is Cloud Computing? Cloud computing is a technological model that enables seamless, on-demand access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources, such as networks, servers, storage, applications, and services. These resources can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal administrative effort or direct interaction with service providers [5]. Different services and models operate behind the scenes to ensure that cloud computing is practical and accessible to end users. Broadly, distributed computing functions under two primary operational models [6]: Deployment models define the accessibility of the cloud environment, determining how it is utilized. The cloud categorizes accessibility into four types: Private, Public, Hybrid, and Community. Service models define how a cloud interacts with a client, whether a user or an application, through various functionalities known as services. These models serve as the operational framework of cloud computing. Over time, three primary service models have emerged across the internet including infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), platform as a Service (PaaS), and software as a Service (SaaS). How Cloud Computing Supports SDG 17 Cloud computing serves as an essential catalyst in SDG 17 by reducing technological and financial barriers that limit global partnerships. Its scalable and cost-effective infrastructure enables countries with limited resources to access advanced digital tools without substantial upfront investment in hardware or specialized personnel. One concrete illustration of this potential is the Earth Observation Cloud Credits Programme, a joint initiative between the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) and Amazon Web Services (AWS) which allocated $1.5 million worth of cloud computing resources and technical assistance to support 21 projects in 17 developing nations [7]. Moreover, the relatively low cost of cloud services — which typically range from $25 to $199 per month in contrast to the higher expenses of dedicated servers that can reach between $99 and $1,500 or more per month highlights cloud computing as both an efficient and accessible tool for strengthening international collaboration and promoting the implementation of sustainable development initiatives [8]. In addition to offering financial flexibility, cloud computing also contributes to environmental sustainability by promoting more efficient energy use. According to studies conducted by Google, businesses can reduce their energy costs by approximately 60 to 85 percent simply by migrating their operations to cloud-based infrastructure [9]. This reduction is not only financially significant but also environmentally impactful, as lower energy consumption directly translates to a decrease in carbon emissions released into the atmosphere. This dual benefit reinforces the role of cloud computing as a strategic solution for fostering both economic efficiency and ecological responsibility, which aligns with the broader objectives of SDG 17 in promoting sustainable and inclusive global partnerships. Conclusion The growing reliance on digital infrastructure highlights the importance of solutions that are both accessible and sustainable. Cloud computing addresses this need by offering scalable resources that reduce financial constraints and technical limitations for many developing regions. Alongside its economic practicality, cloud-based systems also encourage more responsible energy consumption, helping lower carbon emissions through centralized and efficient data management. This combination of affordability, flexibility, and environmental awareness illustrates how modern technological frameworks can support more inclusive participation in global development efforts. References [1] A. Maltais, N. Weitz, and Å. Persson, “Stockholm Environment Institute SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals,” 2018. [2] W. Leal Filho et al., “The added value of partnerships in implementing the UN sustainable development goals,” J Clean Prod, vol. 438, p. 140794, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.140794. [3] C. Dahlman and S. Mealy, “Obstacles to Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals: Emerging Global Challenges and the Performance of the Least Developed Countries.” [4] O. Stokke, “The Follow-Up on the 0.7% Target: A Bird’s-Eye Perspective,” in International Development Assistance, Springer International Publishing, 2019, pp. 41–52. doi: 10.1007/978–3–030–06219–4_3. [5] N. B. Ruparelia, Cloud computing. Mit Press, 2016. [6] M. I. Malik, S. H. Wani, and A. Rashid, “CLOUD COMPUTING-TECHNOLOGIES.,” International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science, vol. 9, no. 2, 2018. [7] Global Partnership for Sustainable Development Data, “GEO-AWS Earth Observation Cloud Credits Programme harnesses big data for decision-makers in developing countries,” Data4SDGs, Jun. 25, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.data4sdgs.org/news/geo-aws-earth-observation-cloud-credits-programme-harnesses-big-data-decision-makers [8] M. Biplab Biswas, “Sustainable Development through Cloud Computing,” American International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences AIJRHASS, pp. 15–175, 2015, [Online]. Available: http://www.iasir.net [9] P. Bajdor, The Environmental Benefits of Cloud Computing. 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317310468

When we talk about technological innovation shaping the world, one name inevitably comes up: IEEE. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is the world’s largest technical professional organization, dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity. With over 395,000 members across 160 countries, IEEE influences fields from electrical engineering and computing to emerging technologies like bioengineering and nanotechnology. But IEEE is more than just a professional association. It’s a global platform that connects visionaries, innovators, and learners to build a better future. A Brief History of IEEE IEEE’s story dates back to 1884, when the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) was founded, backed by pioneers like Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell. Their work focused on the electrical technologies of the time — telegraphy and telephony. As technology evolved, the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE) emerged in 1912, focusing on wireless communication and electronics. Recognizing the need for a unified approach to the rapidly advancing world of technology, AIEE and IRE merged in 1963 to form what we now know as IEEE. Today, IEEE has expanded far beyond its roots. It sets more than 900 active technical standards, publishes 130+ journals, and hosts 300+ global conferences annually, continuing its mission to drive technological excellence. Why IEEE Stands Out Among Student Organizations Joining a student organization is a great way to grow professionally — but not all organizations offer the same reach, resources, or opportunities. IEEE Student Branches offer several key advantages: 1. A Truly Global Network With members in over 160 countries and connections to Student Branches at major universities worldwide, IEEE provides a truly international experience. Certificates and programs under the IEEE brand are globally recognized, giving members a strong edge in the global workforce. 2. Research Opportunities at Your Fingertips Platforms like IEEE Collabratec and IEEE Xplore allow students to access, publish, and collaborate on scientific work across disciplines. Programs like the Opportunity Research Scholars Symposium (ORSS) also foster connections between student researchers across borders — something most other organizations can’t match. 3. Professional Skill Development Beyond academic knowledge, IEEE focuses heavily on preparing students for the real world. Through technical seminars, workshops, competitions, and networking events with industry experts, members are trained in both hard and soft skills, making them professional-ready by graduation. IEEE’s 2025–2030 Strategic Vision As the world enters a new era of rapid technological change, IEEE has outlined a clear roadmap to remain at the forefront: Advancing Science & Technology: Becoming the primary reference for research, standards, and policy. Promoting Ethical Innovation: Supporting responsible and sustainable technological development. Fostering Global Collaboration: Connecting academia, industry, and governments through interdisciplinary programs. Expanding Education & Networking: Providing lifelong learning and mentoring opportunities. Raising Public Awareness: Helping society understand the critical role of technology. IEEE envisions a future where innovation is not only faster but also more inclusive, ethical, and transformative for humanity. A Legacy of Impact, A Future of Possibilities From its roots in the early days of electricity to today’s cutting-edge fields like AI, quantum computing, and biotechnology, IEEE has consistently been at the heart of technological progress. Its global community, research-driven platforms, professional development programs, and visionary plans ensure that IEEE will continue leading the way — empowering innovators to create a better tomorrow.

SDG-9 focuses on three main themes: developing transportation, information, and communication infrastructure; promoting industrialization for sustainable economic growth and societal welfare; and fostering innovation through new technologies and skills [1]. In overcoming the many interlinked economic, social, and environmental challenges, it is crucial to have efficient ways to commute between places, connect and communicate seamlessly, and develop new skills in industry and technology. These three themes are important to raise the welfare level of human society and achieve sustainable economic growth. SDG- 9 is categorized into 8 targets, with the first 5 targets (9.1–9.5) as the main targets and the remaining targets (9.a-9.c) are called ‘means of achieving’ . Below is the 8 targets of SDG-9: 9.1 Develop sustainable, resilient and inclusive infrastructure. 9.2 Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization. 9.3 Increase access to financial services and markets. 9.4 Upgrade all industries and infrastructures for sustainability. 9.5 Enhance research and upgrade industrial technologies. 9.a Facilitate sustainable infrastructure development for developing countries. 9.b Support domestic technology development and industrial diversification. 9.c Universal access to information and communications technology. Sustainable transportation plays a vital role in economic development. The sufficiency and adequacy of transportation boost new job areas and provide those who are out of walking distances, therefore, access to clean water, food, education, employment, and gender equality would be more advanced [1] . Sustainable transportation also takes an important part in social, and environmental challenges. By investing in efficient transport networks, societies can enhance connectivity, reduce inequalities, and foster economic resilience in line with SDG-9 objectives. Challenges in Achieving SDG-9 The implementation of SDG-9 surely faces numerous obstacles. One of the obstacles is the substantial financing gap. According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), developing countries currently face an annual investment shortfall of approximately $4 trillion in SDG-related sectors, including infrastructure, energy, water, and transport. This gap has widened from $2.5 trillion estimated in 2015, resulting in the need for increased investment to achieve SDG-9 targets [2]. Based on the data from World Bank Group, 67% of the world population is using the internet in their lives, which means there are approximately 33% of the population who are not using the internet. The fact that effective use of ICT contributes positively to organizational performance underscores the importance of having certain complementary factors in an organization to enable better use of ICT and accordingly reaping its benefits towards creating innovative business opportunities and achieving competitive advantage. In this regard, entrepreneurs’ ideas and actions are needed to capture the business opportunities made possible by ICT and the resulting innovations; thus, entrepreneurs need to be proficient in the language of technology, i.e., in matching technological potential with market changes, new customer needs, emerging problems, and possible opportunities [3]. Concrete, steel and fibre optic cable are the essential building blocks of the economy. Therefore, generating infrastructure by investing in energy projects, telecommunication systems, pipelines, parks and water systems keeps the infrastructure fruitful. While pointing out that economic growth is visibly linked with infrastructural progress, it enables many other goals that depend on it to be actualised and should not be left out unspoken [1]. The explanation above draws attention to the need for better ICT literacy and infrastructure to achieve SDG-9. This is where the idea of implementing autonomous vehicles will help humans have better infrastructure in the future. Self-driving technology can enhance ICT-driven economic growth by improving transportation infrastructure, reducing congestion, and enabling more efficient mobility, which strengthens connectivity, increases productivity, and creates new business opportunities aligned with market needs and technological innovations. How Self-Driving Technology Works Self-driving technology integrates sensors, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and real-time data processing to navigate and operate vehicles without human intervention [4]. The system uses many types of sensors, such as cameras, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), RADAR, and ultrasonic sensors to understand the environment, objects, lane markings, traffic signals, pedestrians, and many more obstacles on the road [5]. These sensors are heavily relied on by self-driving technology to perceive vehicles’ environments accurately, creating safe and efficient transportation. These are the functions of each type of sensor used on AV technology: Cameras: Captures high-resolution images, facilitates the detection and classification of objects such as pedestrians, vehicles, and traffic signs through advanced image processing algorithms [4]. RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging): Systems emit radio waves to determine the position and velocity of objects, functioning effectively in various weather conditions and enhancing the vehicle’s ability to monitor nearby traffic [6]. RADAR is important to avoid collisions and monitor blind-spots. LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging): Shoots laser pulses to generate precise 3D maps of the vehicle’s surroundings, offering accurate distance measurements and object recognition capabilities . LiDAR is primarily responsible for environment recognition. Ultrasonic sensors: Detects short-range obstacles, for example, in parking assistance. This sensor emits sound waves to identify obstacles in close proximity [4]. These various sensors are integrated through sensor fusion techniques that enhance the vehicle’s situational awareness. AI algorithms interpret the input data to make driving decisions, including steering, acceleration, and braking. Advanced machine learning models enable the vehicle to learn from diverse driving scenarios, enhancing its ability to predict and react to dynamic road conditions [7]. For instance, deep learning models can recognize patterns in sensor data, allowing the vehicle to interpret complex environments and predict the behavior of other road users. Reinforcement learning enables the vehicle to learn optimal driving strategies through trial and error in simulated environments, improving its ability to handle complex scenarios such as merging onto highways or navigating through intersections. The continuous learning process of these algorithms enhances the vehicle’s performance over time, contributing to the advancement of autonomous vehicle technology. How Self-Driving Vehicles Will Help Humans in Achieving SDG-9 The reliability of self-driving vehicles or autonomous vehicles (AV) will help humans by replacing their mundane task of riding vehicles around. Human error is a fatal cause of accidents on the road, therefore, by relying on autonomous vehicles, we can improve road safety. Autonomous vehicles will also reduce traffic congestion. Traffic congestion appears to become less random and somewhat more predictable, but unlikely to disappear [8]. The ability of autonomous vehicles to monitor the environment around them will likely reduce traffic congestion. Elderly and disabled individuals will benefit from autonomous vehicles by not having to drive them, making transportation more inclusive. Autonomous vehicles will promote sustainable industrialization by using automations for industries. Autonomous vehicles reduce transportation costs and make supply chains more efficient. There are also possibilities for new economic sectors that rely on autonomous vehicles, like AI-driven transportation services or autonomous vehicle manufacturers. Autonomous vehicles will promote better sustainable infrastructures and industries by making energy-efficient consumptions more likely to be realized. Vehicle driving patterns can be optimized in autonomous vehicles which will reduce carbon emissions emitted by vehicles. Electric and autonomous public transport reduce human’s reliance on fossil fuels since shared mobility models will decrease the number of private vehicles. These benefits show that AVs will help humans achieve SDG-9 by pointing out its goals and will ultimately create a sustainable and inclusive infrastructure. AVs will potentially promote the use of mass transportation to society according to several researches on vehicle utilization. These researches point out that the development of autonomous vehicles will have a long-term impact on shared AVs (SAV) use [9]. One research suggests that every use of AV will replace 2.5 conventional vehicles. This shows that the development of autonomous vehicles should be considered as an important aspect to achieve SDG-9 in the future. To this date, we already know there are various companies that offer AV technology for their products. For example, Tesla cars are known for its self-driving technology, but this technological feat is not merely used for personal use. Different modes of transportation already exist and also benefit from this technology. Here are a few examples of vehicle automations. Public transportation Autonomous systems can operate continuously without breaks, maximizing uptime and reducing idle time compared to manned buses that require driver rest periods [10]. The autonomous tram in Potsdam, Germany, is equipped with cameras, sensors, radar, and LiDAR, which help the tram participate in real traffic without any difficulties and detect any unpredictable movements of other participants in the traffic. Fig 1. Autonomous trem in Potsdam, Germany. Adapted from [11] Google Self-Driving Waymo Driverless mode of operations is considered using computer-integrated cockpit and various sensing and controlling devices. It provides security and safety during the journey with information about other vehicles nearby [10]. Fig 2. Google Self-Driving Waymo. Adapted from [12] Helicopters Airbus has released a prototype of an autonomous helicopter in July 2020 named VSR700. The purpose of this vehicle is to extend a ship’s detection range by using its sensor after getting deployed from its mothership [10]. Fig 3. Autonomous Helicopter Airbus VSR700. Adapted from [13] Trucks Vera, Volvo’ autonomous electric truck is developed for carrying goods from various industries and has efficient, safer, clean, and sustainable ways than ordinary trucks. These Vera trucks use intelligent cameras and censoring devices to make efficient transportation which results in decreased waiting periods and pollution [10]. Fig 4. Volvos’ Vera Autonomous Truck. Adapted from [14] Conclusion Autonomous vehicles have the potential to revolutionize transportation, infrastructure, and industry by integrating advanced sensors, AI-driven decision making, and machine learning algorithms. Use of mass transportation with shared AV (SAV) will be promoted by the development of AVs, hence the use of conventional vehicles is hoped to deplete in the future. Human error, traffic congestion, mobility, transportation costs, supply chains, and many other aspects of distribution will be optimized with this technology. Therefore, this technology will ultimately create sustainable, inclusive, and resilient infrastructures for cities all around the world. References [1] S. Küfeoğlu, “SDG-9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure,” in Emerging Technologies : Value Creation for Sustainable Development, S. Küfeoğlu, Ed., Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022, pp. 349–369. doi: 10.1007/978–3–031–07127–0_11. [2] United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, SDG Investment Trends Monitor, no. 4, Sep. 2023. [Online]. Available: unctad.org/system/files/official-document/diaemisc2023d6_en.pdf. [3] M. Yunis, A. Tarhini, and A. Kassar, “The role of ICT and innovation in enhancing organizational performance: The catalysing effect of corporate entrepreneurship,” J Bus Res, vol. 88, pp. 344–356, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.12.030. [4] D. Parekh et al., “A Review on Autonomous Vehicles: Progress, Methods and Challenges,” Electronics (Basel), vol. 11, no. 14, 2022, doi: 10.3390/electronics11142162. [5] R. Hussain and S. Zeadally, “Autonomous Cars: Research Results, Issues, and Future Challenges,” IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 1275–1313, 2019, doi: 10.1109/COMST.2018.2869360. [6] W. Liu et al., “A Systematic Survey of Control Techniques and Applications in Connected and Automated Vehicles,” CoRR, vol. abs/2303.05665, 2023, doi: 10.48550/ARXIV.2303.05665. [7] K. Othman, “Exploring the implications of autonomous vehicles: a comprehensive review,” Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, vol. 7, Apr. 2022, doi: 10.1007/s41062–022–00763–6. [8] D. A. Hensher, “Tackling road congestion — What might it look like in the future under a collaborative and connected mobility model?,” Transp Policy (Oxf), vol. 66, pp. A1–A8, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2018.02.007. [9] G. Bathla et al., “Autonomous Vehicles and Intelligent Automation: Applications, Challenges, and Opportunities,” Mobile Information Systems, vol. 2022, no. 1, p. 7632892, Jan. 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7632892. [10] M. Gusev and S. Gilroy, “The effectiveness of autonomous public transport systems in densely populated urban areas,” Transport Economics and Management, vol. 3, pp. 1–8, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.team.2024.11.004. [11] New Atlas. Accessed Mar 20, 2025. [Photo]. Available: https://assets.newatlas.com/dims4/default/892d289/2147483647/strip/true/crop/1618x1080+0+0/resize/1618x1080!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnewatlas-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Farchive%2Fsiemens-autonomous-tram-1.jpg [12] Forbes. Accessed Mar 20, 2025. [Photo]. Available: https://imageio.forbes.com/specials-images/imageserve/679d0339af2051751122ae62/San-Francisco-Serves-As-Testing-Grounds-For-Autonomous-Vehicles/960x0.jpg?format=jpg&width=960 [13] Indo Militer. Accessed Mar 20, 2025. [Photo]. Available: https://www.indomiliter.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/French-Navy-Aiming-for-1200-Unmanned-Systems-by-2030-1-1024x576.jpg [14] Auto Nesian. Accessed Mar 20, 2025. [Photo]. Available: https://autonesian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/volvo-trucks-vera-otonom.jpg

Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3, established by the United Nations, aims to “ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.” This goal addresses global health challenges by reducing mortality rates, preventing diseases, and improving access to quality healthcare, particularly in underserved regions. By prioritizing universal healthcare, SDG 3 envisions a world where everyone, regardless of their background or economic status, can access the medical services they need [1]. Achieving this goal is essential because health is not only a fundamental human right but also a key driver of global development. Tackling issues such as maternal and child mortality, the spread of infectious diseases, and the rising burden of non-communicable diseases is crucial to building healthier societies. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), SDG 3 sets key targets to be achieved by 2030, including: Reducing maternal mortality to fewer than 70 deaths per 100,000 live births worldwide. Reducing neonatal and child mortality, ensuring neonatal mortality is no higher than 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality does not exceed 25 per 1,000 live births. Ending major infectious diseases such as AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria, while also combating other communicable illnesses like hepatitis and waterborne diseases. Lowering premature deaths from non-communicable diseases by one-third through better prevention and treatment, while also strengthening mental health support. Challenges in Achieving SDG 3 Despite significant advancements in medicine, several challenges hinder the full realization of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3. One major obstacle is the slow pace of drug development. On average, it takes 10–15 years and costs approximately $2.6 billion to develop a single new medicine, factoring in the high failure rates throughout the process [2]. This extended timeline delays access to life-saving treatments, leaving many patients — especially those with severe or rare diseases — without effective medical solutions when they need them most. Another major issue is late disease diagnosis. Conditions such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases are often detected in advanced stages when treatment options are limited, reducing survival rates [3]. Additionally, many treatments are based on a one-size-fits-all approach, making them less effective for individuals with unique genetic profiles. Personalized medicine, which tailors treatments to an individual’s genetic makeup, is still in its early stages due to the computational challenges of analyzing massive amounts of biological data [4]. Health disparities further complicate progress. Millions of people in low-income regions lack access to basic healthcare, resulting in preventable deaths [5]. The global healthcare system needs innovative solutions to overcome these challenges, and one promising technology that could play a crucial role is quantum computing. What is Quantum Computing? Quantum computing is a cutting-edge technology that differs significantly from classical computing. While traditional computers use bits (which represent either 0 or 1), quantum computers use qubits, which can exist in multiple states simultaneously due to a phenomenon called superposition. This allows quantum computers to perform multiple calculations at once, dramatically increasing their processing power [6]. Another key principle of quantum computing is entanglement, where qubits become interconnected, allowing them to share information instantaneously regardless of distance. This ability enhances computational efficiency, enabling quantum computers to solve problems that classical computers would take thousands of years to process [7]. For instance, Google’s Sycamore quantum computer solved a complex problem in 200 seconds, whereas the world’s fastest supercomputer would take 10,000 years to do the same [8]. How Quantum Computing Supports SDG 3 The challenges in global healthcare — such as late disease diagnosis, limited treatment effectiveness, and the slow pace of drug development — highlight the need for innovative solutions. Quantum computing has the potential to transform healthcare by accelerating medical research, improving diagnostic accuracy, and enabling personalized medicine. By leveraging its advanced computational power, quantum computing can help overcome key barriers to achieving SDG 3, which aims to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all. Precision Medicine: Traditional medical treatments often take a one-size-fits-all approach, but quantum computing can help tailor treatments to individual patients. By analyzing vast amounts of genetic and biomedical data, quantum-enhanced machine learning can identify subtle patterns in health conditions, leading to early disease detection and more effective personalized treatments. This could significantly improve outcomes for diseases like cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders [9]. Quantum-Assisted Diagnosis: The accuracy of medical diagnostics can be significantly improved with quantum computing. It can process high-dimensional medical imaging data from X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans with greater efficiency, reducing noise and improving precision in detecting anomalies. This has the potential to lower healthcare costs while increasing survival rates by enabling earlier and more accurate diagnoses [6]. Drug Discovery & Development: Quantum computing allows medical researchers to simulate molecular interactions at an atomic level, dramatically accelerating the drug discovery process. By predicting how potential drugs interact with human cells, quantum simulations can help identify the most promising compounds faster than traditional trial-and-error methods. This could lead to breakthroughs in treating complex diseases and reduce the time needed to bring new drugs to market [6]. Conclusion Achieving SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being is essential for building a healthier world. However, challenges such as slow drug development, late disease diagnosis, and healthcare inequalities continue to hinder progress. Quantum computing presents a groundbreaking solution by accelerating drug discovery, improving diagnostic accuracy, and enabling personalized treatment approaches. 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